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21.07.2026 Morais Leitão • David Silva Ramalho (coordenação/coordination), Nuno Igreja Matos, Adriana Brás, Ana S. Pereira Coutinho, Inês Costa Bastos

Review | 3D: Digital Defense Dispatch (no. 2)

The first issue of 3D: Digital Defense Dispatch marked the beginning of an editorial project dedicated to cybercrime, digital evidence, cybersecurity and cryptocurrency tracing. Seven months later, we are pleased to present the second issue of the review, continuing our commitment to bringing together contributions from leading experts and fostering discussion on some of the most pressing legal challenges in these fields.

In this issue, we feature an article by Maša Galič, Professor at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, on defence rights in the context of the Sky ECC case, complementing the criminal investigation perspective presented in the first issue. The review also includes an article by Cláudia Pina, Investigating Judge, on hybrid threats, a reflection by Angelo Costanzo, Justice of the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation, on artificial intelligence and legal reasoning, and a contribution by Ana Xavier Nunes, Associate at Morais Leitão, focusing on cybersecurity. This issue's interview features Nick Furneaux, one of the world's leading experts in cryptocurrency tracing.

As in the previous issue, the publication also includes a selection of legislative updates, case law, soft law and other relevant developments in the field, concluding with a short piece of fiction generated by artificial intelligence.